The “Chemical Weapons” Card

cwPlain old war activities, it appears, doesn’t rile the masses into supporting foreign adventures anymore. When describing the latest must-intervene situation, political handlers need something “juicier” like “chemical weapons”, “biological weapons” or “nuclear weapons”.

In modern political discourse there is a lot of talk of “chemical weapons”. Most of it is not good. Most of the time, it’s basically a talking point to get people to support intervention. For example, in Syria. The idea is, if you claim that the Syrian government is using chemical weapons (which may or may not be true), then the populace would support providing the rebels arms or intervening in some other way.

This sort of use of the “chemical weapons” card is very problematic.

First of all, there is the question of whether the accusation is even true. In the case of Syria, the United Nations have found that the Syrian government isn’t using chemical weapons, but some of the rebels, which so many Republicans and Democrats (and Al Qaeda) support, are.

Second, even if the party in question is using chemical weapons, the question of whether their opponent is doing the same is often left unanswered.

Third, there are broader questions, such as: Do we oppose use of chemical weapons consistently? What about when they are used for causes we support? Where did they get the chemical weapons from? Was it us? Take Iraq for an example.  During the Bush administrations, much has been made about Saddam’s use of chemical weapons. Much hasn’t been made of, on the other hand, the fact that Reagan’s administration provided chemical weapons to Saddam for use against Iran.

In deciding to arm the Syria rebels based on alleged use of chemical weapons by the Syria government, Obama is continuing in a tradition of American presidents who play this game and pull the chemical weapons card when, clearly, chemical weapons have very little to do with it.

A Classic Example of Americolatry: “[T]here is nothing to replace us”

At a recent Faith And Freedom Coalition Conference, Marco Rubio attempted to justify intervention in Syria.

He said: “If rubioAmerica’s light is extinguished, there is no other light. We are called not to hide our light but to shine it. If we lose the will … there is nothing to replace us…If we’re encouraged to be silent … then who will say it instead of us?…Who will be the salt if we are not the salt?”

I’d like to discuss his statements from my perspective, as a non-American (Canadian) who is also a theologically conservative Christian.

I believe this is a great example of contemporary “Americolatry”. I do want to give Rubio the benefit of the doubt. Certainly he was probably trying to exhibit “rhetorical flourish” more than giving an exacting explication of his views. That said, from what he’s said elsewhere, it’s clear that Rubio stands behind the general thrust of his words. And, of course, this flavor of Americolatry is not unique to Republicans like Rubio, Democrats hold to a modified version of it as well. And, of course, it must be said that all nations have unrealistic and problematic views of their place in the world in one way or another.

Rubio’s comment verges on seeing the U.S. as “Savior of the World”. This ought to be disturbing, especially for Biblical Christians. It is one thing to have an “exceptional” America. Certainly, nobody in their right minds would oppose America being a “city on the hill” of sorts, a good example of liberty shown forth to the rest of the world. However, Rubio is claiming far more than that, namely that America is the only light, the only salt, and irreplaceable.

Statements like Rubio’s inevitably sound arrogant and pompous to many outside of the U.S., but they are also unsound from a theological perspective. From a Christian perspective, Rubio is showing a crucial misunderstanding of history and God’s view of “nations”. And he’s misusing a biblical text, Matthew 5, horribly.

It is also worth question whether, given the complex and controversial nature of the U.S.’s foreign policy activities, “light” is actually the right word for the American presence in the world. At the very least,  American foreign policy is not “unalloyed” goodness. It would be hard to seriously claim that America has always done right and performed justice in their activities.

Leaving that aside for a moment, though, whatever America’s “light” is, it is clear from history (and the Bible) that every nation is replaceable.  Job 12 makes that perfectly clear. And ever since the Tower of Babel, nations has been saying to themselves “Come, let us build ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the heavens, and let us make a name for ourselves”.

Large (and seemingly important) nations have risen and fallen throughout history. Being powerful and important in world affairs is one thing, having the attitude that you are irreplaceable is another thing.  Like individuals, nations have the tendency to exalt themselves in their pride and importance. Even tiny nations.  However, all such pride is folly, whether it be placed in an actually powerful nation or a mere “paper tiger”.  Nobody can dispute that America is a powerful and vastly important nation. However, viewing it as the savior of the world is an affront, not only to other nations, but to the God!

Unfortunately, it seems theologically conservative Christians have too easily bought into the “Americolatry” which is pervasive in the thinking of many right-leaning politicians. There is a strong sense of “civic religion” that is so pervasive, it’s surprising it is not etched into church creeds. “America” because a force that is yielded throughout the world in some sort of abstract holy quest to save the world.

The idea, of course, is not to react to “Americolatry” by hating ones country.  Rather, the proper antidote to “Americolatry” or the an over-exalted view of any country is (a) Placeing our hope not in our nation, but in the only one who can give hope (as a Christian I say this is the triune God), (b) humility–knowing that our nation’s place, as exalted as it may appear be, is low before an all-powerful God, (c) love for ones neighbor countries by respecting their independence (d) avoiding the abstractions and justifications that nationalism ultimately relies upon, and (e) focusing on becoming exceptional in behavior and conduct rather than in reputation, force, or control.

Foreign Policy Can Be Strange – Part 2

Back in September, I made a quick comment on the strangeness of the situation in Syria, in it you have an interesting common cause between Al Qaeda,  The U.S.. Israel,  Turkey, and Saudi Arabia on one side (sided with the rebels). And  Iran, Iraq (whose government has been installed by the U.S.), Russia, and China on the other (sided with the Syrian government).

Now, the situation has gotten even stranger. See this article. And this article.

Eric Harroun, a former U.S. solider, is now potentially facing life imprisonment, or perhaps a death sentence (in the U.S.) for personally fighting against the Syrian government (which the U.S. has loudly and clearly said should be overthrown).

This is extremely peculiar. Especially when Secretary of State, John Kerry, said:  “the United States does not stand in the way of other countries that made a decision to provide arms, whether it’s France or Britain or others.” McCain, Graham, Condoleezza Rice, and Senator Marco Rubio have said that the Syria rebels should be armed by the U.S..

Harroun’s lawyer has said: “It is extremely unusual for the US to charge a person who is fighting in a manner that is aligned with US interests”

So, this raises some interesting questions. If the Syrian rebels ought to be supported, then why is Harroun on trial for doing just that? On the other hand, if the rebels should not be supported–for whatever reason, then why all the rhetoric from both parties about the need to support them?  If a person works for a terrorist group to accomplish an objective that the U.S. supports and desires to be accomplished, can that person be tried as a terrorist?

This is a messy conflict, and it brings out many interesting contradictions. I think the situation in Syria is becoming a very helpful demonstration of the merits of non-interventionism.

A Different Obama in 2007

In this Q&A from 2007 in the Boston Globe, the then senator Obama said the following:

  • “As president, I will follow existing law, and when it comes to U.S. citizens and residents, I will only authorize surveillance for national security purposes consistent with FISA and other federal statutes”
  • “The President does not have power under the Constitution to unilaterally authorize a military attack in a situation that does not involve stopping an actual or imminent threat to the nation.”
  • “I reject the Bush Administration’s claim that the President has plenary authority under the Constitution to detain U.S. citizens without charges as unlawful enemy combatants.”
  • “Warrantless surveillance of American citizens, in defiance of FISA, is unlawful and unconstitutional.”
  • “I believe the Administration’s use of executive authority to over-classify information is a bad idea. We need to restore the balance between the necessarily secret and the necessity of openness in our democracy”

More From Orwell On Nationalism

Orwell list’s the following as “the principal characteristics of nationalist thought”. I’m providing short excerpts for each.

1. Obsession

“As nearly as possible, no nationalist ever thinks, talks, or writes about anything except the superiority of his own power unit. It is difficult if not impossible for any nationalist to conceal his allegiance. The smallest slur upon his own unit, or any implied praise of a rival organization, fills him with uneasiness which he can relieve only by making some sharp retort.”

2. Instability

“The intensity with which they are held does not prevent nationalist loyalties from being transferable. To begin with, as I have pointed out already, they can be and often are fastened up on some foreign country. One quite commonly finds that great national leaders, or the founders of nationalist movements, do not even belong to the country they have glorified. Sometimes they are outright foreigners, or more often they come from peripheral areas where nationality is doubtful. Examples are Stalin, Hitler, Napoleon, de Valera, Disraeli, Poincare, Beaverbrook.”

3. Indifference to Reality

“All nationalists have the power of not seeing resemblances between similar sets of facts. A British Tory will defend self-determination in Europe and oppose it in India with no feeling of inconsistency. Actions are held to be good or bad, not on their own merits, but according to who does them, and there is almost no kind of outrage — torture, the use of hostages, forced labour, mass deportations, imprisonment without trial, forgery, assassination, the bombing of civilians — which does not change its moral colour when it is committed by ‘our’ side…The nationalist not only does not disapprove of atrocities committed by his own side, but he has a remarkable capacity for not even hearing about them

Orwell On Nationalism

“All nationalists have the power of not seeing resemblances between similar sets of facts. A British Tory will defend self-determination in Europe and oppose it in India with no feeling of inconsistency. Actions are held to be good or bad, not on their own merits, but according to who does them, and there is almost no kind of outrage — torture, the use of hostages, forced labour, mass deportations, imprisonment without trial, forgery, assassination, the bombing of civilians — which does not change its moral colour when it is committed by ‘our’ side . . . The nationalist not only does not disapprove of atrocities committed by his own side, but he has a remarkable capacity for not even hearing about them.” – George Orwell in England Your England and Other Essays (1953)

U.S. “Defense” Spending

The Washington Post has a fascinating article about U.S. “Defense” Spending.

Some good quotes:

  • “The United States spends far more than any other country on defense and security. Since 2001, the base defense budget has soared from $287 billion to $530 billion — and that’s before accounting for the primary costs of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars.”
  • “The United States spent 20 percent of the federal budget on defense in 2011.”
  • “All told, the U.S. government spent about $718 billion on defense and international security assistance in 2011 — more than it spent on Medicare.”

And a chart:

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Ronald Reagan’s Administration and the Massacres in Guatemala

Efraín Ríos Montt

In 1950, Efraín Ríos Montt received training in the Department of Defence’s “School of the Americas”. This school, which provides training for the military personnel from Latin American countries, was renamed to “Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation” in 2001.

Montt would go on to execute a coup in Guatemala and take the executive office for over a year in the early 1980′s. Aided by an alliance with the Reagan administration, Montt’s administration would go to carry out an extremely brutal program, which some would call genocide. During Montt’s reign, government-orchestrated killings and disappearances reached more than 3,000 a month, most of which were Mayans.

The Reagan administration gave Montt’s government $4 million in helicopter parts and $6.3 million in additional supplies, which included spare parts for aircrafts used in counterinsurgency operations. However, Reagan’s assistance towards Montt was not limited to supplies. Reagan publicly vouched for Montt. Reagan visited Guatemala just a couple days before the Las Dos Erres massacre of 1983 (which featured instances of slaughter, rape, and cruel torture), and said of the dictator: ”[he] is a man of great personal integrity and commitment. … I know he wants to improve the quality of life for all Guatemalans and to promote social justice.”

Later, in 1985, Montt was given an Army Commendation Medal for meritorious service by the then-U.S. Secretary of the Army John Otho Marsh.

Now in 2013, after 13 failed appeals, the man who Reagan said possessed “great personal integrity and commitment” is more clearly seen for what he was, a brutal tyrant. He has been ordered by a Guatemalan court to face charges of genocide and crimes against humanity.

According to Reuters, “Prosecutors allege Rios Montt, who ruled as commander-in-chief…turned a blind eye as soldiers used rape, torture and arson against leftist insurgents and targeted indigenous people during a ‘scorched earth’ military offensive that killed at least 1,771 members of the Ixil tribe,”

This is a classic example of what happens when dictators are coddled because they share a common enemy (in this case the common enemy between Reagan and Montt was communism).  A similar situation occurred between Reagan’s administration and Saddam Huessein. History teaches the astute observer that the enemy of  an enemy is not necessarily a friend. And hence, being anti-communist is emphatically not a guarantee that one is pro-freedom–as the case of Efraín Ríos Montt makes clear.